Industrial Distribution of Representation Elections Held in Cases Closed, Fiscal Year 1998

p. 186. The crop ends just below the "Manufacturing" subtotal row, which is set off by a rule; the table continues on the following page(s) with the nonmanufacturing divisions, and no footnote text is printed on this image (the stub heading "Division and State" carries a raised 1 whose note falls outside the crop), so `footnotes` is empty. Column count is 15: stub, "Total elections", the four columns under "Number of elections in which representation rights were won by unions", three tall single columns ("Number of elections in which no representative was chosen", "Number of employees eligible to vote", "Total valid votes cast"), the four columns under "Valid votes cast for unions", "Total votes for no union", and "Eligible employees in units choosing representation". Several tall headings are broken by end-of-line hyphens in print ("elec- tions", "em- ployees", "representa- tive", "choos- ing rep- resentati on"); these were rejoined, and the last one is printed as "Eligible employees in units choosing representation". Typography: in the "Electrical and electronic machinery, equipment, and supplies" row the "Total votes for no union" cell is printed as "2 934" with a space and no visible comma; transcribed as "2,934" since 2,290 + 2,934 = 5,224 matches that row's total valid votes cast. Stray printing specks sit in the margin left of the "Leather and leather products" total-elections cell and between the "Leather and leather products" employees-eligible and valid-votes cells, and a tick precedes "31" in the "Paper and allied products" no-representative column; these are scanner artifacts, not digits or footnote markers. No arithmetic was altered. As a check on column placement, every row's union-vote components (AFL-CIO + other national + other local) sum to the stated union total, union votes plus no-union votes equal total valid votes cast, elections won plus elections with no representative equal total elections, and the 22 industry rows sum to the printed "Manufacturing" line in each column (e.g., total elections 1,045; valid votes for unions 40,775).

p. 187. Continuation page of Table 16 (the caption carries "–Continued"). The crop ends mid-table: the services group that begins with "Hotels, rooming houses, camps, and other lodging places" has no subtotal line on this page, and "Business services" is the last row printed before the bottom edge, so the table continues on the following page. The stub heading carries a superscript footnote marker 1 ("Division and State^1"), but no footnote text is printed within this crop, so `footnotes` is empty. Row structure: "Mining" (row 5) and "Transportation, communication, and other utilities" (row 17) are indented subtotal lines set off by rules, not ordinary data rows. The Construction / Wholesale trade / Retail trade / Finance, insurance, and real estate / U S Postal Service block between them shows no subtotal line on this page. Doubtful cells: - "Metal mining", column "Number of elections in which no representative was chosen": printed as a 0 followed by a small stray comma-like speck ("0,"). Read as 0; the speck appears to be scan dirt, since 0 is required by the row's own arithmetic (4 won + 0 = 4 total elections). - "Retail trade", column "Valid votes cast for unions / Other local unions": the 406 is followed by a raised dot. Treated as a scan artifact, not a footnote marker; 4,129 + 131 + 406 = 4,666 confirms the value. - "Water transportation", column "Valid votes cast for unions / AFL-CIO unions": a stray dot sits just right of 170 in the gap before the "Other national unions" rule; treated as scan dirt. - "U S Postal Service": transcribed with the characters as they appear. The abbreviation is printed with gaps and no legible periods in this scan; the intended text is very likely "U.S. Postal Service", with the periods lost to the 1-bit scan. - Stray specks also appear in the stub beside "Other transportation" and "Communication" (a lone dot to the right of each label) and above the "Hotels..." row; none are footnote markers. Arithmetic checks (all consistent as transcribed, no misprints detected): in every row the three union sub-columns sum to the union "Total" in both the elections block and the valid-votes block; union votes + "Total votes for no union" = "Total valid votes cast"; and both subtotal rows reproduce the exact sums of their component rows across all 14 numeric columns.

p. 188. The crop is the final portion of Table 16, continued from the preceding page; the body begins mid-list (no earlier industry rows are shown) and the full column headings are reprinted on this page, so header_rows is populated. The footnote marker 1 on the stub heading "Division and State" is printed, but no footnote text appears beneath the table in this crop, so footnotes is empty. The stub heading reads "Division and State" even though the caption and the body rows are industry groups (Table 16 is the industrial distribution); this appears to be a printer's carry-over from the preceding state table. Transcribed as printed. Scan artifacts, not data: stray ink specks sit in the empty stub area of the "Social services", "Miscellaneous services" and "Services" rows, a stray dot appears just left of "95" in the Services row (Other local unions, elections won), and a stray dot sits in the "Total valid votes cast" heading box; none are footnote markers. Heading words broken by end-of-line hyphens were rejoined ("elec-tions", "na-tional", "rep-resenta-tive", "em-ployees", "employ-ees", "choos-ing", "rep-resentat ion"). AFL-CIO is printed with an en dash; written with a hyphen. All internal arithmetic checks out (component union columns sum to their Totals; Total elections = won + no representative; Total valid votes cast = votes for unions + votes for no union) in every row, including the "Total, all industrial groups" line, so no misprints are suspected.