NLRB Stats Archive › Annual Reports › FY1988 › Geographic Distribution of Representation Elections Held in Cases Closed, Fiscal Year 1988
Stitched from pp. 240–242.
| Division and State | Total elections | Number of elections in which representation rights were won by unions | Number of elections in which no representative was chosen | Number of employees eligible to vote | Total valid votes cast | Valid votes cast for unions | Total votes for no union | Eligible employees in units choosing representation | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division and State | Total elections | Total | AFL-CIO unions | Teamsters | Other national unions | Other local unions | Number of elections in which no representative was chosen | Number of employees eligible to vote | Total valid votes cast | Total | AFL-CIO unions | Teamsters | Other national unions | Other local unions | Total votes for no union | Eligible employees in units choosing representation |
| Maine | 15 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 558 | 531 | 296 | 214 | 25 | 57 | 0 | 235 | 402 |
| New Hampshire | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 806 | 753 | 298 | 135 | 163 | 0 | 0 | 455 | 73 |
| Vermont | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 386 | 333 | 135 | 105 | 4 | 5 | 21 | 198 | 28 |
| Massachusetts | 89 | 47 | 27 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 42 | 6,285 | 5,398 | 2,536 | 1,989 | 264 | 144 | 139 | 2,862 | 2,562 |
| Rhode Island | 20 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 2,085 | 1,846 | 847 | 654 | 163 | 18 | 12 | 999 | 532 |
| Connecticut | 61 | 34 | 13 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 27 | 2,267 | 2,075 | 1,105 | 378 | 281 | 190 | 256 | 970 | 1,341 |
| New England | 198 | 102 | 53 | 31 | 8 | 10 | 96 | 12,387 | 10,936 | 5,217 | 3,475 | 900 | 414 | 428 | 5,719 | 4,938 |
| New York | 313 | 156 | 106 | 29 | 1 | 20 | 157 | 17,490 | 13,607 | 7,300 | 4,576 | 1,279 | 141 | 1,304 | 6,307 | 9,080 |
| New Jersey | 146 | 66 | 40 | 17 | 2 | 7 | 80 | 8,934 | 7,471 | 3,780 | 2,282 | 745 | 109 | 644 | 3,691 | 3,710 |
| Pennsylvania | 256 | 105 | 71 | 23 | 3 | 8 | 151 | 14,350 | 12,691 | 6,188 | 3,836 | 920 | 184 | 1,248 | 6,503 | 5,542 |
| Middle Atlantic | 715 | 327 | 217 | 69 | 6 | 35 | 388 | 40,774 | 33,769 | 17,268 | 10,694 | 2,944 | 434 | 3,196 | 16,501 | 18,332 |
| Ohio | 250 | 107 | 66 | 30 | 8 | 3 | 143 | 16,112 | 14,672 | 7,199 | 5,170 | 1,178 | 481 | 370 | 7,473 | 5,853 |
| Indiana | 122 | 63 | 38 | 19 | 1 | 5 | 59 | 6,396 | 6,144 | 3,016 | 2,081 | 597 | 58 | 280 | 3,128 | 2,687 |
| Illinois | 260 | 126 | 69 | 30 | 10 | 17 | 134 | 10,643 | 9,377 | 4,939 | 2,454 | 817 | 886 | 782 | 4,438 | 4,594 |
| Michigan | 253 | 122 | 77 | 31 | 9 | 5 | 131 | 14,557 | 12,585 | 5,928 | 4,520 | 955 | 138 | 315 | 6,657 | 5,477 |
| Wisconsin | 100 | 52 | 34 | 16 | 0 | 2 | 48 | 6,220 | 5,608 | 2,625 | 1,704 | 672 | 26 | 223 | 2,983 | 1,880 |
| East North Central | 985 | 470 | 284 | 126 | 28 | 32 | 515 | 53,928 | 48,386 | 23,707 | 15,929 | 4,219 | 1,589 | 1,970 | 24,679 | 20,491 |
| Iowa | 71 | 40 | 25 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 31 | 1,602 | 1,344 | 699 | 417 | 263 | 0 | 19 | 645 | 677 |
| Minnesota | 105 | 48 | 29 | 14 | 0 | 5 | 57 | 5,047 | 4,396 | 2,011 | 1,249 | 625 | 0 | 137 | 2,385 | 1,663 |
| Missouri | 147 | 60 | 39 | 17 | 2 | 2 | 87 | 7,049 | 6,264 | 2,458 | 1,973 | 442 | 11 | 32 | 3,806 | 2,080 |
| North Dakota | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 110 | 103 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 110 |
| South Dakota | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 563 | 540 | 241 | 239 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 299 | 69 |
| Nebraska | 23 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 667 | 621 | 271 | 190 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 350 | 178 |
| Kansas | 35 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 2,002 | 1,699 | 671 | 333 | 212 | 0 | 126 | 1,028 | 399 |
| West North Central | 394 | 183 | 117 | 54 | 2 | 10 | 211 | 17,040 | 14,967 | 6,422 | 4,472 | 1,625 | 11 | 314 | 8,545 | 5,176 |
| Delaware | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 390 | 366 | 172 | 119 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 194 | 135 |
| Maryland | 37 | 15 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 22 | 2,447 | 2,139 | 869 | 316 | 87 | 211 | 255 | 1,270 | 438 |
| District of Columbia | 9 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 544 | 428 | 264 | 161 | 1 | 0 | 102 | 164 | 295 |
| Virginia | 45 | 23 | 15 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 22 | 4,049 | 3,712 | 1,664 | 1,322 | 302 | 39 | 1 | 2,048 | 1,848 |
| West Virginia | 48 | 22 | 12 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 26 | 2,621 | 2,414 | 1,123 | 953 | 115 | 50 | 5 | 1,291 | 900 |
| North Carolina | 45 | 20 | 9 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 7,200 | 6,577 | 2,706 | 2,390 | 221 | 95 | 0 | 3,871 | 2,101 |
| South Carolina | 21 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 1,928 | 1,778 | 743 | 654 | 89 | 0 | 0 | 1,035 | 418 |
| Georgia | 61 | 33 | 27 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 28 | 7,008 | 6,337 | 2,693 | 2,188 | 269 | 4 | 232 | 3,644 | 2,432 |
| Florida | 103 | 38 | 31 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 65 | 4,987 | 4,755 | 2,130 | 1,571 | 435 | 8 | 116 | 2,625 | 1,748 |
| South Atlantic | 375 | 164 | 113 | 36 | 6 | 9 | 211 | 31,174 | 28,506 | 12,364 | 9,674 | 1,572 | 407 | 711 | 16,142 | 10,315 |
| Kentucky | 62 | 26 | 10 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 36 | 4,703 | 4,368 | 2,076 | 1,393 | 278 | 215 | 190 | 2,292 | 1,600 |
| Tennessee | 92 | 39 | 21 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 53 | 12,812 | 12,096 | 5,341 | 4,397 | 704 | 0 | 240 | 6,755 | 4,297 |
| Alabama | 71 | 32 | 24 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 39 | 4,439 | 4,006 | 2,017 | 1,572 | 101 | 39 | 305 | 1,989 | 1,829 |
| Mississippi | 28 | 19 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 4,654 | 4,174 | 2,316 | 2,047 | 155 | 94 | 20 | 1,858 | 3,040 |
| East South Central | 253 | 116 | 70 | 33 | 2 | 11 | 137 | 26,608 | 24,644 | 11,750 | 9,409 | 1,238 | 348 | 755 | 12,894 | 10,766 |
| Arkansas | 23 | 11 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 2,895 | 2,607 | 1,212 | 1,159 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 1,395 | 386 |
| Louisiana | 19 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 796 | 641 | 372 | 228 | 82 | 0 | 62 | 269 | 453 |
| Oklahoma | 29 | 16 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1,735 | 1,635 | 834 | 708 | 44 | 82 | 0 | 801 | 1,093 |
| Texas | 98 | 47 | 27 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 51 | 8,562 | 7,591 | 3,667 | 2,096 | 546 | 0 | 1,025 | 3,924 | 3,554 |
| West South Central | 169 | 87 | 59 | 17 | 0 | 11 | 82 | 13,988 | 12,474 | 6,085 | 4,191 | 725 | 82 | 1,087 | 6,389 | 5,486 |
| Montana | 32 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 1,080 | 878 | 357 | 216 | 48 | 93 | 0 | 521 | 236 |
| Idaho | 17 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 437 | 370 | 219 | 149 | 40 | 0 | 30 | 151 | 292 |
| Wyoming | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 800 | 721 | 359 | 33 | 0 | 156 | 170 | 362 | 335 |
| Colorado | 52 | 23 | 15 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 29 | 2,446 | 2,102 | 916 | 670 | 109 | 5 | 132 | 1,186 | 732 |
| New Mexico | 17 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1,104 | 1,040 | 496 | 319 | 87 | 0 | 90 | 544 | 423 |
| Arizona | 48 | 27 | 21 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 3,124 | 2,515 | 1,159 | 1,029 | 121 | 9 | 0 | 1,356 | 1,125 |
| Utah | 17 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 703 | 620 | 212 | 172 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 408 | 36 |
| Nevada | 29 | 14 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 927 | 777 | 476 | 271 | 148 | 0 | 57 | 301 | 542 |
| Mountain | 217 | 100 | 70 | 22 | 1 | 7 | 117 | 10,621 | 9,023 | 4,194 | 2,859 | 593 | 263 | 479 | 4,829 | 3,721 |
| Washington | 138 | 56 | 31 | 21 | 0 | 4 | 82 | 4,756 | 3,904 | 1,952 | 1,035 | 625 | 150 | 142 | 1,952 | 2,089 |
| Oregon | 89 | 35 | 24 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 54 | 4,397 | 3,872 | 1,959 | 1,437 | 151 | 38 | 333 | 1,913 | 2,023 |
| California | 540 | 241 | 142 | 77 | 8 | 14 | 299 | 24,297 | 20,453 | 10,252 | 6,051 | 3,140 | 388 | 673 | 10,201 | 12,240 |
| Alaska | 18 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 624 | 502 | 265 | 205 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 237 | 355 |
| Hawaii | 27 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 13 | 1,356 | 1,144 | 580 | 294 | 55 | 190 | 41 | 564 | 414 |
| Guam | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pacific | 812 | 355 | 210 | 106 | 15 | 24 | 457 | 35,430 | 29,875 | 15,008 | 9,022 | 4,031 | 766 | 1,189 | 14,867 | 17,121 |
| Puerto Rico | 32 | 16 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 16 | 1,644 | 1,429 | 720 | 245 | 253 | 0 | 222 | 709 | 681 |
| Virgin Islands | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 98 | 83 | 23 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 16 |
| Outlying Areas | 35 | 17 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 6 | 18 | 1,742 | 1,512 | 743 | 268 | 253 | 0 | 222 | 769 | 697 |
| Total, all States and areas | 4,153 | 1,921 | 1,199 | 499 | 68 | 155 | 2,232 | 243,692 | 214,092 | 102,758 | 69,993 | 18,100 | 4,314 | 10,351 | 111,334 | 97,043 |
923 of 923 figures sit in a row or column sum that works out.
p. 240. 17 columns. The crop cuts the table off after the "West North Central" division subtotal; the remaining divisions (South Atlantic onward), any grand total, and the footnote text belong to the continuation page. The stub heading carries a raised 1 ("Division and State^1"), but no footnote text is printed within this crop, so `footnotes` is empty. Rows are state lines followed by an indented, rule-separated division subtotal line (New England, Middle Atlantic, East North Central, West North Central); the subtotal labels are transcribed without their indentation. Verification: every one of the 16 numeric columns in all four division subtotals sums exactly to its member state rows, and for each state and subtotal "Valid votes cast for unions: Total" + "Total votes for no union" = "Total valid votes cast", and the union sub-columns (AFL-CIO + Teamsters + Other national + Other local) sum to the union Total. No misprints or arithmetic discrepancies were found. No cell was illegible; the scan is clean, though the printed dotted leaders and the broken-looking "i" in several state names (Maine, Michigan, Missouri, Illinois) are scan artifacts of the dotted-i typeface, not uncertainty.
p. 241. The crop is a continuation page: the body begins mid-table with the South Atlantic division's states (no earlier divisions, and no overall table total). The stub heading carries a raised footnote marker 1, but no footnote text is printed within this crop, so `footnotes` is empty. The bottom of the crop cuts the table mid-division: the Mountain states run Montana through Utah with no division total line visible, and the Utah row is clipped vertically at the image edge (its digits are still legible horizontally; the glyph tops/bottoms are shaved). Utah's last cell, "Eligible employees in units choosing representation", reads 36 — small relative to neighbouring states but horizontally complete, and I am reasonably confident it is two digits rather than a truncated longer number. Minor ink specks appear in the Utah row between the Teamsters and Other national unions columns and just left of the Other national unions 0; they are not digits or footnote markers and are not transcribed. Several labels and headings are printed with dotless/broken i glyphs from the scan ("Dıstrıct", "Valıd", "unıts"); transcribed with normal spelling. Arithmetic cross-checks all reconcile as printed: each state's four union components sum to the elections-won Total and to the union-votes Total; elections won plus no-representative equals Total elections; union votes plus no-union votes equals Total valid votes cast; and the South Atlantic, East South Central and West South Central lines equal the sums of their member states in every column. No misprints detected.
p. 242. This is a continuation page ("—Continued"), so the body begins mid-table: Nevada is the last State of the Mountain division, whose earlier States appear on the preceding page, and the "Mountain" row immediately below it is that division's subtotal. Indented rows (Mountain, Pacific, Outlying Areas, Total, all States and areas) are subtotal/total lines; their indentation is not preserved in the stub text. The table has 17 printed columns; "Division and State", "Total elections", "Number of elections in which no representative was chosen", "Number of employees eligible to vote", "Total valid votes cast", "Total votes for no union" and "Eligible employees in units choosing representation" are tall single headings spanning both heading levels, so they are repeated in both header rows. All digits are legible and every division subtotal and the grand total are internally consistent with the rows above them in all 16 numeric columns, which supports the reading. Note that for Washington the "Valid votes cast for unions — Total" (1,952) and "Total votes for no union" (1,952) are identical as printed; this is not a transcription slip, and the column sums confirm both values.
Source data: U.S. NLRB Annual Reports (public domain). Reconstruction by NLRB Stats Archive. Read by claude-opus-5 (effort max, prompt extract_v1) from the 300-dpi scan; stitched by page. Updated October 2026.